The state governments have full authority to legislate on the subjects of the state list. And both the Centre and the state can legislate on the subjects mentioned in the concurrent list with the residuary powers vested in the Central Government.
It can be said that India has cooperative federalism. While the Lok Sabha consists of the elected representatives of people, the Rajya Sabha consists of representatives elected by the state legislative assemblies.
The President is the nominal head of the state and the Parliament. In actual practice, the Prime Minister, aided by the Council of Ministers, heads the executive and is responsible for governance. An impartial judiciary, independent of the legislature and the executive, is one of the main features of the Constitution.
The Supreme Court of India is the highest court of the country and acts as guardian of the Constitution and serves as the final court of appeal. Each state has a High Court as its highest court. Under powers of judicial review, the Supreme Court and High Court can declare a law as unconstitutional or ultra vires if it contravenes any provisions of the Constitution.
This power of judicial review constitutes a middle path between the American judicial supremacy on one hand and British Parliamentary supremacy on the other.
In order to ensure the impartiality of the judiciary, the judges are appointed by a process free of influence of the executive. The judges can only be removed by a rigorous process of impeachment to be approved by both the houses of the Parliament. The Constitution vests many fundamental rights in citizens. These rights are justiciable and an individual can move the Supreme Court or the High Courts if there is an encroachment on any of these rights.
However, Fundamental Rights in India are not absolute. Check out the Indian Constitution parts, and schedules along with some articles in detail. Parts of the Indian Constitution Initially, there were 22 parts of the Indian constitution. Indian Constitution originally had 8 schedules. Later, four more schedules were added by different amendments taking the total to Schedules are basically tables which contain additional details not mentioned in the articles.
Parliament of India Important Amendments of the Indian Constitution There are a total of amendments till date since the inception of the constitution from The Fifteenth Amendment, Raise the retirement age of High court judges from 60 to 62 and other minor amendments The Twenty-first Amendment, included Sindhi as the 15th regional language in the Eighth Schedule.
The Twenty-sixth Amendment, abolished the titles and special privileges of former rulers of princely states. The Thirty-first Amendment, increased the elective strength of the Lok Sabha from to The Thirty-eighth Amendment, , provided that the President can make a declaration of emergency The Forty-second Amendment, , Supremacy to the Parliament and gave primacy to the Directive Principles over the Fundamental Rights. It also added 10 Fundamental Duties in the Constitution. The right to property was deleted from Part III.
The Fifty-second Amendment, , Inserted the Tenth Schedule in the Constitution regarding provisions for disqualification on the grounds of defection. The Sixty-first Amendment, Reduced the voting age from 21 years to 18 years for the Lok Sabha as well as the Assemblies. The Seventy-third Amendment, Panchayat Bill seeks to provide, among other things, Gram Sabha in villages, the constitution of Panchayats at the village and other levels, direct elections to all seats in Panchayats and reservation of seats for SC and ST and fixing of tenure of 5 years for Panchayats.
The new Article 21A deals with Right to Education. Office of the President of India: Instructions to electors. Download success! Thank You, Your details have been submitted we will get back to you. Was this page helpful?
Any suggestions or inputs for adda. Login Username Password. Leave a comment. The Schedules to the Constitution, which are now 12 in number, elaborate on government policy or rules in relation to specific Articles of the Constitution.
Each Schedule in this section is tagged with the corresponding Article s for ease of understanding. To read the text of the Constitution in other languages, click here. Constituent Assembly. Constitution of India, The Articles are grouped into 22 different parts, which reflects how they are organized in the text of the Constitution of India, The Schedules to the Constitution, which are now 12 in number, elaborate on government policy or rules in relation to specific Articles of the Constitution.
Preamble Explore. The Union and its Terri Citizenship Explore. Fundamental Rights Explore. Directive Principles of Fundamental Duties Explore.
The Union Explore. The States Explore. The States in Part B of The Union Territories Explore. The Panchayats Explore.
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